Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various uterine conditions. During a hysteroscopy, a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The hysteroscope allows the doctor to view the inside of the uterus on a monitor in real-time.

There are two main types of hysteroscopy: diagnostic and operative.

1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy:

   • Used primarily for diagnostic purposes to evaluate the uterine cavity.
   • Helps identify abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, adhesions (scar tissue), or abnormalities in the shape of the uterus.
   • May be performed as part of an infertility evaluation, to investigate abnormal bleeding, or to assess the cause of repeated miscarriages.

2. Operative Hysteroscopy:

   • Involves using specialized instruments inserted through the hysteroscope to perform surgical procedures within the uterus.
   • Common procedures include removing polyps, fibroids, or adhesions, correcting uterine septum (a congenital malformation), or treating abnormal bleeding.
   • Operative hysteroscopy may also be used for endometrial ablation, a procedure to treat heavy menstrual bleeding by destroying the lining of the uterus.

Benefits of hysteroscopy include its minimally invasive nature, shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgery, and high precision in diagnosing and treating uterine conditions. It is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local or general anesthesia, depending on the specific case.

Before undergoing a hysteroscopy, patients may need to undergo certain tests or procedures to prepare the uterus and cervix. After the procedure, patients may experience mild cramping or vaginal spotting, but recovery is typically quick, and most individuals can resume normal activities within a day or two.

Overall, hysteroscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various uterine conditions, providing patients with effective and personalized care while minimizing discomfort and recovery time.